Project 160 - Report - 1999-05-30 1
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING REPORT
FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE FAIRVIEW PARK SEWER PROJECT
' (CMSD#160 PROJECT NO 1112100-160)
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Report prepared for
City of Costa Mesa
' Department of Public Services/Engineering Division
77 Fair Drive
P 0 Box 1200
Costa Mesa California 92628-1200
' Report Prepared and Authored by
Henry C Koerper
' Archaeological Consultant
632 S Chipwood Street
Orange California 92869-5305
May 30 1999
' U S G S Newport Beach California Quadrangle
N3335-W11752 5/7 5
1965 (Photorevised 1972)
Keywords monitoring sewer line swale
Fairview Park no cultural resources
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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Management Summary 1
Introduction 1
' Setting 5
Cultural Background 6
Methods and Results 9
Recommendations 10
References Cited 11
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1 LIST OF FIGURES
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Figure 1 General location of monitoring area page 2
shown on USGS Newport Beach California
Quadrangle map 1965 (Photorevised 1972)
Figure 2 Location of trenches for the Fairview page 3
Park Sewer Project site
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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
The methodologies and results of archaeological field
monitoring for the Fairview Park Sewer Project conducted weekdays
' from April 12 1999 through May 4 1999 are summarized in this
report which follows the suggested monitoring report outline
promulgated by the Orange County Archaeological Forum Field
monitoring was undertaken to protect the integrity of scientific
' information should cultural resources such as artifacts ecofacts
or burials be discovered during trenching for the Fairview Park
Sewer Project (CMSD#160) Further a shallow drainage swale north
of Nancy Lane leading west from Canyon Drive and into Fairview
Park was similarly checked No cultural resources were detected
and thus trenching excavation work was never disrupted There were
no cultural resources associated with the swale There are no
further recommendations relating to this project
' INTRODUCTION
' The City of Costa Mesa Department of Public
Services/Engineering Division retained the services of county
certified archaeological consultant Henry C Koerper Ph D to
' provide for monitoring of the Fairview Park Sewer Project
(CMSD#160) in conformance with the California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA) the ordinances of Orange County and the city trenching
' permit These services were sought for the fact that Fairview Park
is known to contain prehistoric cultural resources (Fig 1)
including numerous burials Although the sewer construction was
to occur well away from the presently interpreted boundaries of the
1 two recorded archaeological sites at Fairview Park the documented
great significance of one of the sites and the presumed importance
of the other required that the sewer pipeline excavations (Fig 2)
' be observed by personnel trained to recognize cultural remains and
particularly human bone
' The two archaeological sites located within the 208 acre
Fairview Park Master Plan are CA-Ora-58 and CA-Ora-506 Ora-58
which is known as the Fairview Site and has been designated by over
a dozen other common names is located within Township 65 Range
lOW east half of Section 8 on the 7 5 U S G S Newport Beach
Quadrangle Map Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Coordinates
are Zone 11 412690m Easting and 3725000m Northing It lies to
t the west of Placentia Avenue Ora-506 is adjacent to and on the
east side of Placentia Avenue
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1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET
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1 0 1 KILOMETER
IFigure 1 General location of monitoring area
shown on USGS Newport Beach California
IQuadrangle map 1965 (Photorevised 1972)
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-MH 10
Z 0 LO
IP A C• MH 8-'
200m
MH 3 /
MH 7
-NANCY LN
MH B CANYON DR
1 CA-ORA-58 S WALE--
.--PACIFIC AVE
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1 Figure 2 Location of trenches for the Fairview
Park Sewer Project site
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1 3
Ora-506 was recorded in 1975 by Dr Keith Dixon who believed
the midden to be over 60cm deep in places and of greater areal
' extent than Ora-58 of which it might actually have been an
extension Obviously then Ora-506 is assumed to be a site of
major prehistoric interest
' The great significance of Ora-58 is well established The
site contains a vast array of artifacts including many magico-
religious items and many features including more than two hundred
' burial features (Anon 1937a 1937b 1938a 1938b Koerper 1993
Koerper Earle Mason and Apodaca 1996) When Earle and 0 Neil
(1994) identified rancherias whose principal villages were located
1 along the Santa Ana River they gave special mention to Genga very
likely the site of Ora-58 It is possible that CA-Ora-163 (the
Griset Site) and CA-Ora-76 (the Adams-Fairview Site) together with
' Ora-58 comprised Genga
Newport Bay was within the territory of Genga as indicated by
the bay s original Spanish name Bolsa de Gengar Late Prehistoric
' sites around Newport Bay were presumed by Earle and 0 Neil (1994)
to have been dependencies of Genga It is further likely that the
northern San Joaquin Hills were within the territory of Genga
' (Koerper Mason and Peterson n d ) Ora-58 was an important trade
center especially during the Late Prehistoric period when Mohave
Indians from the Lower Colorado River transported goods there in
' a textiles for shell beads trade that also involved exchanges of
luxury items between trade partners (Koerper and Hedges 1996)
Although the lower Santa Ana River area is usually considered
' to have been occupied by Gabrielino peoples it was probably multi-
ethnic and multi-lingual as indicated by Genga marriage ties to
both Gabrielino and Juaneno rancherias Genga and other Santa Ana
' River political units appear to have been conduits of contact and
exchange between the Gabrielino and Juaneno cultural areas and
between the coast and the interior (Earle and 0 Neil 1994)
The potential for the increased importance of Genga
particularly in the Late Prehistoric period follows from the fact
that CA-Ora-855 or Putuidem the "mother-village for the Juaneno
of the San Juan Capistrano Valley may have been peopled from
Genga In the Juaneno story of the founding of Putuidem, Father
Boscana related that Oyaisn brought many families from Sejat a
place seven or eight leagues away (presumably by traveled path)
from Mission San Juan Capistrano to Putuidem, a village only about
one half league to the north of the mission Colonization was in
consequence of the rapid increase of population the annual
' production of seeds insufficient to maintain so great a
number (Boscana 1978 83) It is likely that these migrants
departed from within the orbit of Genga since it is seven or
1 eight leagues road distance from the Mission If Sejat was not
Ora-58 it was probably nearby perhaps at Ora-163 (the Griset
Site) or Ora-76 (the Adams-Fairview Site) all of which taken
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together may have comprised Genga While Boscana did state that
Sejat was northeast of the mission he obviously misspoke as only
' "northwest makes any sense
It is against this background of great significance that a
' cautious approach is justified with regard to any excavation work
in Fairview Park Those who carried out the work of monitoring are
the following Henry C Koerper Ph D Geraldine Beavers Tyson
' Koerper
' SETTING
Site elevation for Ora-506 runs between 50 and 75 feet above
sea level and elevation for Ora-58 is about 65 to 75 feet above
sea level Site exposure for Ora-506 is open undulating grassland
Site exposure for Ora-58 is open area mostly flat save for the
' natural topography at the far north end and at the southern end of
the core area where fill has been dumped Ora-58 is atop a bluff
overlooking a river flood plain
' Plant associations expected for the immediate area during
prehistoric times were a mix of coastal sage scrub and grasslands
communities covering the village sites Nearby a riparian woodland
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environment was made possible by the Santa Ana River
Grassland-herbland habitats have open grasslands with many
1 flowering annuals in the spring Grasses would have included Stiza
pulchra Poa scabrella and Aristida divericata (Bailey 1954 59)
The most important crop here was seeds and many small animals
' such as quail rodents and rabbits would have been trapped or shot
in grassy areas
Coastal sage scrub communities would have consisted of one to
five foot tall half-shrubs and/or somewhat larger woodier plants
Leading species would have been Artemisia californicae (California
sagebrush) Encelia californica (Bush sunflower) Erigonom
fasciculatum (California buckwheat) Salvia apiana (White sage) and
Salvia leucophylla (Purple sage) (Bailey 1954 51) The people of
Genga would have exploited an abundance of edible stems stalks
and shoots from this community which also served as an important
source of seeds Other kinds of edible vegetal foods were
blossoms leaves and greens roots and bulbs and some berries
As with grasslands quail rodents and rabbits were commonly
' hunted animals in this habitat
Riparian woodland microenvironments contain cottonwoods
' willows sycamores and alders Herbs and grasses are frequent
Food for human consumption included seeds acorns pollen
blossoms and buds Several animals would also have been procured
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in riparian habitats
' winterbourne (1968 10) noted that river bottom lands below and
coastward from Ora-58 would have been cut here and there by
meandering streams of salt water at high tide and sweet water when
the tide was low " Thus a mix of some amount of freshwater marsh
and saltmarsh estuary habitats was within easy walking distance
Chace (1969 64) has noted that about 1 3 to 1 5 kilometers
southwest of Ora-58 there was an extensive estuarine environment
' called Bitter Lake that was attached by a narrow estuary to Newport
Bay These wetlands were once comparable in size to Anaheim Bay
and Alamitos Bay and covered more acreage than either Bolsa Bay or
' Newport Bay In summary the area in and around Genga was rich in
food resources for hunters/gatherers
CULTURAL BACKGROUND
Ethnographic Notes
' The historically known Gabrielino are traditionally listed as
the ethnic group residing along the lower Santa Ana River (e g
Kroeber 1925) yet since political entities on the Santa Ana River
drainage in Orange County were likely the vehicles for exchange and
other social interactions between Gabrielinos and Juanefios this
crossroads territory as previously indicated might also be
thought of as somewhat multi-ethnic and multi-lingual (see Earle
and 0 Neil 1994) Mission marriage records demonstrate links
between the two tribes (Earle and 0 Neil 1994)
' As tribal designations Gabrielino and Juaneno are working
fictions indicating only two groupings of people one sharing
Gabrielino-Fernandeno speech and many customs and the other sharing
Luiseno-Juaneno speech and many customs Both groupings share
cultural traits with one another Numerous separate socio-
political entities comprise each "tribe " Both languages are of
the Cupan group of the Takic family of the Uto-Aztecan Stock
(Shipley 1978 see also Bright 1975)
1 Takic neighbors or near neighbors were the Fernandeflo (Cupan
group) Cahuilla (Cupan group) Serrano (Serran group) and Luiseno
(Cupan group) (Kroeber 1925 Plate 57) The Juaneno have often been
considered a segment of the Luiseno (see White 1963 91) The best
' quick summaries of the Gabrielino/Fernandeno Cahuilla Serrano
and Juaneno/Luiseno are those of Bean and Smith (1978a) Bean
(1978) Bean and Smith (1978b) and Bean and Shipek 1978
' respectively Major works covering the Gabrielino include Heizer
(1968) Johnston (1962) and McCawley (1996) Major works covering
the Luiseno include those of Sparkman (1908) Strong (1929)
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Kroeber (1925) and White (1963) For the Juaneflo see especially
Boscana (1978)
' The Gabrielino or Gabrielino/Juaneflo mix subsisted by hunting
and gathering The most important food sources were either the oak
tree (several species) which provided acorns or grasses which
provided seeds Rabbits and deer have contributed important
protein sources around the project area but being near the coast
fish shellfish and marine mammals probably provided the major
part of the animal protein food fare
The autonomous socio-political units of the Gabrielinos and
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Juanefios are often referred to by a Spanish term rancheria
Rancherias held discrete bounded territories within which there
was a permanent or semi-permanent sedentary residential center
The chief of each clan-based year-round settlement held a
' hereditary position and served as an administrator over political
economic and religious functions
' Culture Chronology and Culture History
Two schemes those of Wallace (1955) and Warren (1968) have
dominated discussions of chronology building in Orange County
(Koerper 1981 118-179) occasionally precipitating exchanges of
viewpoints (e g Koerper and Drover 1983 Warren 1984 Koerper and
1 Drover 1984) King s scheme (1981 1990) for the Santa Barbara
Channel area is occasionally referenced in the local literature
particularly when time sensitive beads are a subject of discourse
1 (e g Gibson 1992 Gibson and King 1994) Here the nomenclature
of Wallace (1955) is retained (viz Milling Stone Intermediate
Late Prehistoric) with the generic and neutral designation
'period" replacing horizon" or "tradition Further
archaeological cultures are referred to the Holocene divisions
formulated by Erlandson (1988 see also Erlandson and Colton 1991
Erlandson 1997) Thus the Late Holocene in Orange County divides
into the Intermediate and Late Prehistoric periods and the Milling
Stone period spans all of the Middle Holocene and part of the Early
Holocene It is most probably the case that people ranged over the
coast along which the Santa Ana River exited from the Early
Holocene through the Middle Holocene and Late Holocene
No overview of culture history could possibly do justice to
' the complexity of local socio-cultural evolution but with that
said major cultural events will be mentioned here and placed
within the divisions of the Holocene proposed by Erlandson (1988)
1 Again some of the nomenclature reflects Wallace s scholarship
The earliest cultural manifestations in Orange County recall
' what is termed San Dieguito culture in San Diego County and
elsewhere San Dieguito culture is a manifestation of the Paleo-
Coastal Tradition (Moratto 1984 90-92 104) which dates from 11 500
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BP to around 8 500 BP (Colton and Erlandson 1991 Erlandson and
I Moss 1994) Along the coast the florescence of this complex wanes
during the mid-seventh millennium BP (e g Haynes et al 1967
Warren 1968) although San Dieguito-like components may continue for
I a millennium or more (Gallegos 1987 23) Thus the San Dieguito
begins at the terminal Pleistocene and continues well into the
Early Holocene Some evidence from CA-Ora-64 at Newport Bay
reflects San Dieguito culture
ISince Malcolm Rogers first described (1929) and later renamed
(1939) the San Dieguito the concept has undergone considerable
I refinement (e g Warren 1967 1968) Added to the artifact
inventory are such things as manos and metates (True 1958 262
Ezell 1983) ornamentation (Kaldenberg 1982) and asphaltum-hafted
tools (Ezell 1977) Chipped stone tools include large leaf-shaped
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points a variety of leaf-shaped knives large ovoid domed and
rectangular end or side scrapers engraving tools and crescentics
(Warren 1967)
IThe next period the Milling Stone may have evolved directly
from the San Dieguito (see Koerper et al 1991 60-61) It is
I characterized by an abundance of manos and metates but there are
not many projectile points by comparison The projectiles are
spear and dart points which when found tend to be large leaf-
shaped points There are shell stone and bone beads There is
1 an absence of evidence of food storage and cooking containers
Crude choppers scrapers cutting tools and hammerstones are
salient features of Milling Stone assemblages Discoidals
I cogstones and spheres of granite are some of the artifacts
presumed to relate to the superstructural component of behavior
Bone and antler tools such as awls and flakers are infrequent finds
I in Milling Stone sites Basketry is inferred by the presence of
tarring pebbles and basketry impressions on asphalt frayuients
The Intermediate period begins around the Middle Holocene-Late
I Holocene interface and coincides with the introduction of the
curved shell fishhook It is around this time for whatever
reasons that the number of radiocarbon dates diminishes for
I Newport Bay and for Bolsa Bay During this 4 000 to 3 000 BP
period there are actually fewer dates compared to similar spans
of time earlier in the Milling Stone period (Koerper et al n d )
I The Intermediate sees increased utilization of mortar and
pestle while the mano-metate combination diminishes
proportionately The basket hopper mortar is introduced Most
I projectile points are dart points The bow and arrow may have been
introduced at the very end of the Intermediate
I The beginning of the Late Prehistoric period at about 1350
years BP coincides with the beginning of the expansion of
residential settlement into the San Joaquin Hills The Late
Prehistoric period was originally divided into two subperiods LP1
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and LP2 based on a further expansion of major residential
settlement in the San Joaquin Hills (Mason and Peterson 1994) LP2
' begins at 650 years BP a time coinciding with the beginning of a
decrease in the numbers of radiocarbon dates That decrease
culminates in major Spanish contact circa 200 years BP Further
' it is at around beginning LP2 that people may have migrated from
Genga to the San Juan Capistrano Valley area Such population
shifts may be related to droughts that occurred during the Medieval
Climatic Anomaly just preceding the Little Ice Age
' METHODS AND RESULTS
' Prior to monitoring activities the two monitors working under
the direction of Dr Koerper were made aware of the inventory of
material items associated with Ora 58 They also became familiar
' with the soil colors and textures associated with the midden of
that site
The most recurrent component within the midden which
' immediately identifies Ora 58 as an archaeological site is the
shell from marine molluscs Indeed there are so many shellfish
remains that Ora-58 is classified as a shell midden The
' monitors were especially sensitive for the need to temporarily halt
mechanical equipment involved in trenching should even flecks of
shell begin to turn up Soils in Fairview Park lacking shell are
regarded as most probably sterile
Monitors followed the trenching progress of the mechanical
equipment inspecting the open cuts and searching the backdirt
' piles for any artifactual or ecofactual remains Trench depth
varied from 4 25 meters to one meter and in width from one to about
1 35 meters Observations continued during the process of filling
the trenches
These straightforward procedures occurred from April 12 to
April 16 April 19 to April 23 April 16 to April 30 and on May
' 3 and 4 Only one monitor was on location on any one day when
construction was proceeding
There were no disruptions of the sewer pipeline contractor s
work since no manifestations of past cultural behavior ever
appeared The excavated soils were culturally sterile throughout
' the project with not even a shell fraywent being identified
The colors of the excavated soils differed from those of the
site midden dirt Using the 10YR Hue page of the Munsell Soil
Color Chart the chroma readings for the midden soils were
consistently lower and the value readings were generally lower than
what was observed in the pipeline trenches Midden dirt exhibited
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a grayish look the Munsell descriptions being 10YR 4/2 (Hue
value/chroma) and 10YR 5/2 dark grayish brown and grayish brown
respectively The dirt from trenching generally ranged from 10YR
5/3 (brown) through 10YR 6/3 (pale brown) to 10YR 7/3 (very pale
brown) All assessments were dry assessments
' Not part of the trenching for the sewer pipeline a swale
(drainage channel) running west from Canyon Drive 91 meters to a
' 28 meter swale channel heading south into a culvert was checked
for evidence of artifacts and ecofacts Similarly a swale running
east roughly 87 meters from Pacific Avenue to meet the first swale
at the northern extension of the southbound swale channel was
' checked for artifacts and ecofacts In these efforts Dr Koerper
encountered no prehistoric cultural materials A recently scraped
area of the swale abutting Canyon Drive had dirt that color graded
' to 10YR 5/3 (brown) an observation consistent with its cultural
sterility Locally it is usually the case that village sites
with their elevated levels of organics will exhibit darker Munsell
readings than surrounding off-site soils
' RECOMMENDATIONS
' Since no cultural materials were unearthed during trenching
for the Fairview Park sewer pipeline no recommendation pertaining
to Project CMSD #160 are warranted The City of Costa Mesa Public
' Services/Engineering Division is to be applauded for its cautious
approach to protecting cultural resources at Fairview Park
It is highly unlikely that the present grassed picnic area of
' Fairview Park contains significant cultural remains but given the
great significance of Ora-58 it should be a requirement that in
the event of any future trenching of the present grassy area a
' County certified archaeologist should be retained to oversee
monitoring of any impacted areas
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REFERENCES CITED
' Anonymous
1937a Daily Notes on Banning Excavation and Osteological
' Report August 17 1936-April 14 1937 WPA
Anthropological Project #4465 Typed Manuscript on
file at UCI Library Special Collections
' 1937b Daily Notes for the Banning Site November 17
1937-December 17 or 20 1037 WPA Anthropological
Project #7680 (Bound with Anon 1937a) Typed
Manuscript on file at UCI Library Special
'
1938a Collections
Daily Notes for Banning Site WPA Anthropological
Project #7680 December 21 1937-February 10 1938
' Typed Manuscript on file at UCI Library Special
Collections
1938b Report of the Excavation of the Griset Site WPA
' Anthropological Project #7680 January 21 March
1938 Typed Manuscript on file at UCI Library
Special Collections
' Bean John Lowell
1978 Cahuilla In Handbook of North American Indians
Vol 8 California pp 575-587 Washington D C
' Smithsonian Institution
Bean John Lowell and Florence C Shipek
1978 Luiseno In Handbook of North American Indians
' Vol 8 California pp 550-563 Washington D C
Smithsonian Institution
' Bean John Lowell and Charles R Smith
1978a Gabrielino In Handbook of North American Indians
Vol 8 California pp 538-549 Washington D C
Smithsonian Institution
1978b Serrano In Handbook of North American Indians
Vol 8 California pp 570-574 Washington D C
Smithsonian Institution
1 Boscana Geronimo
1978 Chinigchinich A Revised and Annotated Version of
' Alfred Robinson s Translation of Father Geronimo
Boscana s Historical Account of the Belief Usages
Customs and Extravagancies of the Indians of this
' Mission of San Juan Capistrano called the Acagchemem
Tribe Banning California Malki Museum Press
Bright William
' 1975 Two Notes on Takic Classification Paper Read at
the Third Annual Friends of Uto-Aztecan Conference
Flagstaff June 19-20 1975 Copy Manuscript No
' 11
I
' 76-66 in National Anthropological Archives
Smithsonian Institution Washington D C
I
Chace Paul
1969 Biological Archaeology of Some Coastal Middens
I Orange County California Pacific Coast
Archaeological Society Quarterly 5 (2) 64-77
I Colton Roger H and Jon M Erlandson
1991 Perspectives on Early Hunter-Gatherers of the
California Coast In Hunter-Gatherers of Early
Holocene Coastal California Jon Erlandson and Roger
I Colton eds pp 133-139 Perspectives in
California Archaeology Vol 1 Institute of
Archaeology University of California Los Angeles
IEarle David D and Steven 0 Neil
1994 An Ethnohistoric Analysis of Populations
Settlement and Social Organization in Coastal
I
Orange County at the End of the Late Prehistoric
Period The Keith Companies Costa Mesa
I Erlandson Jon M
1988 Of Millingstones and Molluscs The Cultural Ecology
of Early Holocene Hunter Gatherers of the California
I Coast Ph D dissertation Department of
Anthropology University of California Santa
Barbara
1997 The Middle Holocene Along the California Coast
1 In Archaeology of the California Coast During the
Middle Holocene edited by J M Erlandson and M
A Glassow 1-10 Perspectives in California
IArchaeology Vol 4 Los Angeles UCLA Institute
I for Archaeology
Erlandson Jon M and Roger H Colton
1991 An Archaeological Context for Early Holocene Studies
on the California Coast In Hunters Gatherers of
Early Holocene Coastal California J Erlandson and
I R Colton eds pp 1-10 Perspectives in
California Archaeology Vol I Institute of
Archaeology University of California Los Angeles
IErlandson J E and M L Moss
1994 Cultures and Environmental of the Pacific Coast of
North America from 11 500 to 8 000 Years Ago draft
I
Paper presented at the Society for American
Archaeology Meetings Anaheim California
I Ezell Paul H
1977 New Information on San Dieguito III Technology
Journal of California Anthropology 4 (2) 306 308
I 12
I
' 1983 A New Look at the San Dieguito Culture Casual
Papers 1 (3) 103-109 San Diego Cultural Resource
I
Management Center San Diego State University
Gallegos Dennis ed
I 1987 San Dieguito-La Jolla Chronology and Controversy
San Diego County Archaeological Society Research
Paper 1 San Diego
IGibson R 0
1992 An Introduction to the Study of Aboriginal Beads
from California Pacific Coast Archaeological
ISociety Quarterly 28 (3) 1-45
Gibson R 0 and C D King
I 1992 Analysis of Beads Ornaments and Fishhooks from 25
Orange County Sites Appendix B in Newport Coast
Archaeological Project Newport Coast Settlement
I Systems Analysis and Discussion Vol II The
Keith Companies Costa Mesa Report on file at the
South Central Coastal Archaeological Information
Center Institute of Archaeology U C L A
IHaynes C V D C Grey D E Daman and R Bennett
1967 Arizona Radiocarbon Dates VII Radiocarbon 9 1 14
IHeizer Robert F
1968 The Indians of Los Angeles County Hugo Reid s
Letters of 1952 Southwest Museum Papers 21 Los
IAngeles
Johnston Bernice E
I 1962 California s Gabrielino Indians (Frederick Webb
Hodge Anniversary Publication Fund 8) Los Angeles
Southwest Museum
IKing Chester
1981 The Evolution of Chumash Society Ph D
dissertation Department of Anthropology
I
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1990 Evolution of Chumash Society New York Garland
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1981 Prehistoric Subsistence and Settlement in the
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IKoerper Henry C and Christopher E Drover
1983 Chronology Building for Coastal Orange County The
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1984 Horizon and Tradition on the Southern California
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Great Basin Anthropology 6 (2) 269-272
Koerper Henry C David E Earle Roger D Mason and Paul Apodaca
I 1996 Archaeological Ethnohistoric and Historic Notes
Regarding ORA-58 and Other Sites Along the Lower
Santa Ana River Drainage Costa Mesa Pacific Coast
IArchaeological Society Quarterly 32 (1) 1-36
Koerper Henry C and Ken Hedges
1996 Patayan Anthropomorphic Figurine from an Orange
I County Site Journal of California and Great Basin
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I Koerper Henry C Paul E Langenwalter II and Adella B Schroth
1991 Early Holocene Adaptations and the Transition Phase
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I Hedionda Lagoon In Early Holocene Hunters-
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Adaptations and Paleogeography J M Erlandson and
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IArchaeology Vol I UCLA Institute of Archaeology
Koerper Henry C Roger D Mason and Mark L Peterson
I n d Demographic Dynamics in Late Holocene Orange County
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Late Holocene Archaeological and Environmental
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I Perspectives in California Archaeology UCLA
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